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Attachment Style Test

How do you connect in close relationships?

Your earliest relationships leave a mark that follows you into adulthood — shaping how you give and receive love, how you handle conflict, and how close you let people get. This Attachment Style Test is based on the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised (ECR-R) Adult Attachment Questionnaire (Fraley, Waller, and Brennan, 2000) and the work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. It helps identify your predominant patterns in close relationships.

Attachment Theory: The 4 Attachment Styles

Attachment theory in psychology originated with the work of British psychiatrist John Bowlby. Based on his experience working with children, he proposed a theory explaining how early attachment experiences can shape a person's life. Bowlby identified three main attachment patterns:

  • Secure attachment: children grew up in a healthy, trusting environment and felt safe being cared for by their parents.
  • Anxious-resistant attachment (also referred to as preoccupied): children experienced stress as they tried to gain their parents' attention and build trust in the relationship.
  • Avoidant attachment: children were encouraged to be highly independent and emotionally distant from their parents.

Later, other researchers suggested adding a fourth pattern: the disorganized/disoriented attachment (also referred to as fearful-avoidant) style. This pattern combines a lack of self-confidence, characteristic of the anxious-resistant style, with a reluctance to form close relationships, characteristic of the avoidant style (Kennedy & Kennedy, 2004).

Experiences in Close Relationships Scale

Thanks to the work of scientists such as R. Chris Fraley, Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark, and Phillip Shaver, attachment theory was taken one step further. New research has applied knowledge of childhood attachment to romantic and intimate relationships we form as adults. This test draws on that research to help you understand which attachment patterns show up most strongly in your own close relationships.

Instructions

You will be asked 50 questions. Answer honestly, without overthinking. Note: this test is for informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice. Its results should not be used to make important life decisions.

1. My wants and needs have never come first for my parents/caregivers.
2. My parents/caregivers taught me to rely on myself.
3. My parents/caregivers often held other children up as examples.
4. My parents/caregivers tried their best to protect me from danger.
5. I grew up as an insecure child.
6. During my childhood, my parents/caregivers often helped me cope with stress and overcome difficulties.
7. My parents/caregivers couldn't give me enough attention.
8. As a child, I was uncomfortable discussing my problems and worries with my parents/caregivers.
9. As a child, I often experienced envy of other children.
10. My parents/caregivers expected independence and restraint from me and encouraged both.

Can an attachment style change over a lifetime?

Yes. While the basic style is formed in childhood, significant adult relationships or psychotherapy can alter it. There is a concept of "earned secure attachment," where an individual overcomes anxious or avoidant patterns through self-awareness and healing.

Why are "anxious" partners often attracted to "avoidant" ones?

It’s a common trap: the anxious partner seeks constant reassurance, which overwhelms the avoidant partner, causing them to withdraw. This withdrawal confirms the anxious partner's fears, leading to more pursuit. This "pursuit-withdrawal" cycle is often mistaken for intense passion.

Can you have different attachment styles with different people?

Yes, it is possible. You might feel secure and calm with friends or colleagues but display intense anxiety or avoidance in romantic relationships, where emotional vulnerability is much higher and the stakes feel greater.

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